ABSTRACT
RESUMO: O presente estudo descreve as características morfo-anatômicas dos órgãos vegetativos e do pó da Piper ovatum Vahl de modo que os dados obtidos possam ser utilizados como referência em análises de controle de qualidade de amostras de fármacos, a fim de verificar sua autenticidade. As raízes, caules, pecíolos e folhas foram fixadas, seccionadas à mão livre e coradas, as secções transversais e paradérmicas foram analisadas por microscopia óptica e a superfície do limbo foi observada, também, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os órgãos vegetativos da P. ovatum apresentam morfologia e anatomia similar às outras espécies de Piper. No entanto, não foram observadas inclusões celulares nas folhas de P. ovatum. Análises por MEV mostraram a presença de tricomas glandulares constituídos de pedúnculo unicelular e porção secretora globóide igualmente unicelular recoberto por cutícula, na epiderme abaxial das folhas. Também foi observada a presença de uma cutícula espessa e que origina crostas no limite entre uma célula e outra, em ambas as superfícies foliares. No mesófilo foi observada a presença de idioblastos oleíferos característica marcante de outras espécies de Piperaceae. Além disso, na microscopia do pó foram observados hipoderme e idioblastos oleíferos em fragmentos do limbo, fragmentos de fibras esclerenquimáticas do caule, além de células esclerosas isoladas ou em grupos no pecíolo. O perfil cromatográfico do extrato hidroetanólico das folhas de P. ovatum foi obtido por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Nas análises por CLAE foram identificados como substâncias majoritárias do extrato as amidas piperovatina e piperlonguminina nos tempos de retenção de 10,25 e 10,81 min., respectivamente.
ABSTRACT: The present study describes the morphological and anatomical characteristics of vegetative organs and powder of the Piper ovatum Vahl, in order to use the obtained data as reference in the quality control tests of pharmaceutical samples, investigating their authenticity. The roots, stems, petioles and leaves were fixed, freehand sectioned and stained according to usual microtechniques. The transverse and paradermal sections were analyzed by optical microscopy and the leaf surface was also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The vegetative organs of the P. ovatum show morphology and anatomy similar to other species of Piper. However, cellular inclusions were not observed in the P. ovatum leaves. The SEM analysis showed the presence of glandular trichomes consisting of a unicellular stalk and globular secretory portion covered by cuticle on the abaxial surface of the leaves. The SEM also had shown one thick cuticle forming crusts in the limit of the epidermal cells, on both leaf surfaces. In the mesophyll, we observed oil idioblasts, which are typical features of other species of Piperaceae. Moreover, in the powder of the P. ovatum we observed hypodermis and oil idioblasts in leaf fragments, fragments of sclerenchyma fibers from the stem and isolated sclereids or in petiole groups. The chromatographic profile of the hydroethanolic extract of the P. ovatum leaves was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this analysis, we identified the amides piperovatine and piperlonguminine in the retention times of 10.25 and 10.81 min., respectively, as majority compounds present in the extract.
Subject(s)
Piperaceae/anatomy & histology , Quality Control , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/instrumentation , Chromatography, Liquid/methodsABSTRACT
Since the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of soy isoflavones may be mediated by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), the present study investigated whether the methanolic fractions obtained from soybean seeds (E1) and soybean seed coats with hypocotyls (E2) could influence PPARα, PPARγ and PPARβ/δ transcriptional activity. The isoflavones from E1 and E2 were quantified by HPLC analysis. E1 and E2 were rich in isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, genistin, malonyldaidzin, malonylglycitin, malonylgenistin, daidzein, glycitein, and genistein). Moreover, E1 and E2 showed no evidence of genetically modified material containing the gene CP4 EPSPS. To investigate PPAR transcriptional activity, human promonocytic U-937 cells were treated with E1 and E2 (200, 400, 800, and 1600 µg/mL), positive controls or vehicle. Data are reported as fold-activation of the luciferase reporter driven by the PPAR-responsive element. Dose-response analysis revealed that E1 and E2 induced the transcriptional activity of PPARα (P < 0.001), with activation comparable to that obtained with 0.1 mM bezafibrate (positive control) at 1600 µg/mL (4-fold) and 800 µg/mL (9-fold), respectively. In addition, dose-response analysis revealed that E1 and E2 activated PPARβ/δ (P < 0.05), and the activation at 800 µg/mL (4- and 9-fold, respectively) was comparable to that of 0.1 mM bezafibrate (positive control). However, no effect on PPARγ was observed. Activation of PPARα is consistent with the lipid-lowering activity of soy isoflavones in vivo, but further studies are needed to determine the physiological significance of PPARβ/δ activation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Isoflavones/pharmacology , Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/drug effects , Seeds/chemistry , Glycine max/chemistry , Transcriptional Activation/drug effects , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Isoflavones/isolation & purification , Seeds/genetics , Glycine max/geneticsABSTRACT
O óleo essencial das folhas de Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck Piparaceae, coletadas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, foi obtido por hidrodestilação. Uma análise preliminar por CG/EM e RMN 13C foi realizada. O b-mirceno (70 por cento) foi identificado como componente majoritário através da comparação dos espectros de massa e RMN 13C com dados da literatura. Quatro neolignanas foram isoladas do extrato hidroetanólico das folhas e identificadas: eupomatenóide-6, eupomatenóide-5, eupomatenóide-3 e conocarpano. As estruturas dessas substâncias foram estabelecidas por meio de estudos de RMN ¹H e 13C, ¹H x ¹H - COSY, HETCOR, HMBC, gNOE e EM.
The essential oil of Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck Piparaceae leaves, which were collected at a tree farm named Horto de Plantas Medicinais of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá, was obtained by hydrodistillation. A preliminary analysis by GC/MS was carried out. b-mirceno (70 percent) was identified as the main constituent by comparing MS and 13C NMR with the literature data. Four neolignans were isolated from the leaves and identified: eupomatenoid-6, eupomatenoid-5, eupomatenoid-3 and conocarpan. Their structures were established by extensive ¹H and 13C NMR, ¹H x ¹H - COSY, HETCOR, HMBC, gNOE and MS spectral studies.
ABSTRACT
Foram selecionados extratos de 13 plantas utilizadas na medicina popular brasileira para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana. Destes, 10 extratos apresentaram níveis variados de atividade antibacteriana. Cinco dos extratos testados, apresentaram compostos com valores de Rf similares a de compostos antibacterianos visíveis na bioautografia. Três destas plantas pertencem à família Compositae indicando que o mesmo composto pode ser responsável pela atividade antibacteriana destas plantas. Atividade anticandida foi observada em 9 extratos de plantas. Os resultados podem explicar o uso etnobotânico das espécies estudadas para o tratamento de várias doenças infecciosas.
Extracts of 13 Brazilian medicinal plants were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast. Of these, 10 plant extracts showed varied levels of antibacterial activity. Five of the plant extracts presented compounds with Rf values similar to the antibacterial compounds visible on bioautogram. Of these, three plants belong to the Compositae family. This may mean that the same compounds are responsible for the antibacterial activity in these plants. Anticandidal activity was detected in 9 plant extracts. The results might explain the ethnobotanical use of the studied species for the treatment of various infectious diseases.